Management Notes For You

In this blog you can read many good topic read it and enjoy...

4/14/2009

Body Language



Body Language

These notes will help you out in developing a good posture and gesture while presenting. It will tell you everything starting from how to stand, your eye contact, your hand movement, your facial expression and a lot more.
Stand up and spread your feet about 6 to 8 inches apart, parallel to each other with your toes pointed straight ahead to achieve a comfortable speaking position. Then, flex your knees and put your weight on the balls of your feet. Standing in this position will stop any swaying or rocking motion and will diminish any distracting heel movements.Stand up straight and face the audience head-on. Keep your posture open with arms relaxed. If your arms are crossed in front it may make you seem defensive. Hold your head up high with your chin up. Having your chin raised gives you the aura of being in control; chin down connotes acquiescence. Visual signals that make you appear not to be in control will detract from your presentation.Reading from prepared notes or a script contributes to the problem of lowering your chin.One way to eliminate this is to use 8 ½ x 11 inch paper. Write on only the top two-thirds of the page so your eye doesn't move down or you drop your chin, which also makes your voice go down. When you are seated, you want to look energized and confident. You don't want to lean or slouch or appear too comfortable or relaxed. Proper seated posture when you are presenting (or just want to look good at a meeting) is sitting straight up in your chair, spine straight, with your feet flat on the floor and hands open on the table.

You Can Use Gestures EffectivelyGestures, a form of body language, are also a part of your overall visual picture. They are visual reinforcements of the words and ideas you are trying to communicate to your audience. Gestures include hand, arm, and head movements and can enhance your presentation or detract from it. Have you ever had a conversation with someone who "talks with their hands?" In some cultures, it is an accepted and commonplace addition to spoken communication. In our culture, some hand gestures such as finger pointing can be interpreted as hostile or threatening. Another negative related to gesturing concerns the position of a speaker's hands and arms. When giving presentations, men frequently stand in the "at ease" position commonly used in the military. They cross their hands behind their backs, and they keep them there. Both men and women frequently cross their arms over their chests thinking they appear relaxed and confident. To many in the audience, this stance makes the speaker look merely defensive. By facing audience members with your arms crossed you are closing yourself to them, and they will sense this. Since your objective is to communicate with openness and sincerity, you want to make open gestures to reinforce what you are saying.Another gesture to avoid is putting your hands in your pockets. Some nervous presenters use this as a way of keeping their shaking hands out of sight. Some people can't get their hands back out again and wind up spilling out the contents of their pockets as they try to release their hands. Folding your hands into a folded position as when praying is another gesture to eliminate. This gesture tightens you up and pulls in your energy instead of releasing it and allowing you to reach out to the audience. A weak twirling motion with your hands or wagging your fingers when making a point also indicates your unease to the audience.
Gestures also help you to emphasize important points during your presentation. They reinforce what you are saying with a visual message. The most effective gestures are spontaneous ones. They come from what you are thinking and feeling and they help the audience to relate to you and what you are telling them. It is much more effective to watch a speaker who uses movement than to listen to someone standing behind a lectern with hands clasped in front of him. They don't belong on your hips or in your pockets or folded across your chest either or held behind your back. Use them-to help emphasize a point, to express emotion, to release tension, and to engage your audience. Most people have a vocabulary of gestures at their disposal. Anyone can all think of a gesture that supports words such as "short" or "tall;" however, the gestures of everyday conversation tend to be too small and often too low to use in front of a large audience.Your gestures should be varied; don't use the same motion over and over again. Repetition can be distracting to audience members and you may find they are watching your gestures instead of listening to the presentation. Some gestures interfere with the audience's ability to pay attention, such as the threatening ones mentioned earlier (finger pointing). Instead, use your palms and open them out to your audience. MovementIf possible, it is advisable to practice your presentation in the room where you will be giving it. If not, simulate the environment in your home or office. This will enable you to check your equipment and get comfortable in the room and address another key area of the visual message: a speaker's movement. If you're using a podium or lectern, make sure it is placed where you want it. If someone will be speaking before you, note where you want the lectern placed in case it is moved prior to your presentation. Remember that standing behind the lectern for any length of time separates you from audience members when your objective is to bring yourself closer to them. If you are nervous and need to refer to your notes, walk behind it again when you feel the need. Speakers who spend their entire presentation behind the podium can be perceived as aloof. Take at least two steps -- to avoid a one-step dance -- and then get back into position. Stay for awhile to avoid pacing. Use movements to establish contact with your audience. Getting physically closer to your audience increases its attention and interest. It also encourages response if you are asking questions. The accepted public distance zone is 12 to 25 feet. In smaller group situations, you can approach within a social distance of 4 to 12 feet primarily, and occasionally get as close as 18 inches to 4 feet.Speakers of short stature sometimes cling to the lectern because of the riser placed behind it to make them tall enough to be seen. A better choice would be to walk forward and stand closer to the audience. It will help to establish a good rapport with them. The Magic of EyesEven if they read from prepared notes, effective speakers make eye contact with audience members.Don't be afraid to make eye contact with audience members, their reactions to you will help your performance as a presenter. If you sense boredom, you may have to pick up the pace; if you sense enthusiasm, it can help to pump you up. When you make eye contact, you are relating to your audience, which will help get your message across.Facial ExpressionsSpeakers also know they need to be aware of facial expressions during presentations.Once you become aware of the expressions you make, it will be easier for you to eliminate them. Put a mirror next to your desk at work for one week. Watch your face when you are talking on the telephone. Be aware of any artificial, unfriendly, or deadpan expressions you may be making. Do you squint, frown, make strange faces? Practice smiling and looking pleasant. That's how you want to look during your presentations.It isn't easy to speak and smile at the same time, but it is important to smile during your presentation if congruent with your message. Some men find it more difficult to smile while presenting than women do, but practice helps here.
At the end of it I will say that

“ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT GOOD SPEAKERS ARE NOT BORN, THEY ARE TRAINED”


Student of Rai Business School- New Delhi


Sanjeev Kumar Singh

how to build up postive attitude Positive Attitude



Positive Attitude

Positive attitude helps to cope more easily with the daily affairs of life. It brings optimism into your life, and makes it easier to avoid worry and negative thinking. If you adopt it as a way of life, it will bring constructive changes into your life, and makes them happier, brighter and more successful. With a positive attitude you see the bright side of life, become optimistic and expect the best to happen. It is certainly a state of mind that is well worth developing and strengthening.


Steps in Building a Positive Attitude

Look for Positives

Look for the bright side. Start looking for what is positive in a person or situation rather than looking for a wrong thing about it. Stay away from the negative people. Even in paradise, fault finders will find faults. Most people find what they are looking for. If they are looking for friendship, happiness and the positive, that is what they get. If they are looking for fights or indifference, then that is what they get. Be so strong that nothing can disturb your peace of mind. Talk health, happiness and prosperity to each and every person you meet. Forget about the mistakes that you have made in the past and focus on the achievements of the future.

Build a Positive Self Esteem

Self Esteem is the way we feel about ourselves. When we feel good within, our performance goes up and our relationship improves both at the home and at work. This happens because there is a direct correlation between our feelings and behavior.

Stay Away from Negative Influences

Today's teenagers learn from adult behavior and the media. They face peer pressure. Peer pressure is not just limited to teenagers, it is also prevalent in adults. It shows a lack of self-esteem when people do not have the courage to say "No, thank you," and stay away from negative influences; such as Negative people, Smoking, Drug Abuse, Drinking excessive Alcohol, Negative Movies and Television Programs etc.

Start Your Day with a PositiveRead or listen to something positive first thing in the morning. After a good night's sleep we are relaxed and our subconscious is receptive. It sets the tone for the day, and puts us in the right frame of mind to make every day a positive day. In order to bring about change, we need to make a conscious effort .Practice having positive thoughts and behavior daily until they become a habit.William James of Harvard University said, "If you are going to change your life, you need to start immediately and do it flamboyantly."
Allow yourself to laugh and find humor in the simplest of things.

Laughter is a powerful mood elevator. If you are feeling down, read some jokes, watch a funny movie or just act "silly" once in awhile. At times, it is a good thing to let yourself see the world through a child's eyes. Have a Happy Life

Think about your strengths

The more you occupy yourself about your weaknesses and “failures” the more pessimistic and negative you’re going to feel. Alternatively, consistently affirm your strengths, gifts and capabilities. You’ll wind up feeling empowered and in control of your circumstances, which cannot help but better your attitude!

Believe in yourself
Believe in yourself and your capabilities to become more confident. Make a positive commitment to yourself and to the people around you. Praise yourself and be enthusiastic.


Develop Empathy

Empathy is the ability to imagine being in another person's situation, and therefore understand his/her feelings.
Empathy and sympathy are two terms which are often used as synonyms.
Empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes i.e feeling what the other person feels” whereas sympathy is understanding the feelings of the other person.


Student of Rai Business school- New Delhi


Sanjeev Kumar Singh

Public Speaking - The Art of Speech Making
Did you know that public speaking tops the list of phobias for most people? Not spiders or heights - public speaking - speech in public!
Common Fears of Public SpeakingWhat happens when you have to speak in public?Your body will do all kinds of unpleasant things to you when you have to stand up and face a sea of faces with the hope of getting your message across in a compelling and interesting way.Your hands may sweat and your mouth goes dry. Your knees may shake and a quaver affects your voice. Your heart may race and those well known butterflies invade your stomach.When all that happens most people don't think of getting their message across in a compelling and interesting way; they just think of getting off the 'stage' as quickly as possible! BUT
It's normalI don't really mean to frighten you, just remind you that your body reacts 'in extremis' when put under pressure, and for most people, public speaking is just about the worst pressure they can be put under. It’s normal to be nervous and have a lot of anxiety when speaking in public. In a way, it's less normal not to have nerves or anxiety; in fact, to feel you have a phobia about public speaking.
Why does public speaking do this to us?You may be judged by all those people, and judged badly You may feel like a fool You might make mistakes and loose your way You'll be completely humiliated 'They' won't like you 'They' won't 'get' what you're trying to say
Tips for Public SpeakingGet your attention off yourselfIt's very tempting to keep focused on how you're feeling, especially if you're feeling really uncomfortable. You'll start to notice every bead of sweat.To make your nerves work for you, you need to focus on just about anything other than yourself. You can distract yourself by paying attention to the environment in which you're speaking and seeing how you can make it work for you.Once you're actually in front of your audience, pay attention to them. If you can, notice how people are dressed, who's wearing glasses, who has on bright colours. There will be dozens and dozens of things you can pay attention to help you trick your mind into not noticing what's going on with you.Anything will do and you will find that the less you concentrate on how you are feeling and the more you concentrate on other things, the more confident you will feel.

Your audience can be your friendIndian people are quite emotional. Unless you know you're absolutely facing a hostile group of people, human nature is such that your audience wants you succeed. They're on your side!Therefore, rather than assuming they don't like you, give them the benefit of the doubt that they do.They aren't an anonymous sea of faces, but real people. So to help you gain more confidence when speaking in public, think of ways to engage your audience. Remember, even if they aren't speaking, you can still have a two-way conversation.When you make an important point pay attention to the people who are nodding in agreement and the ones who are frowning in disagreement. As long as you are creating a reaction in your audience you are in charge.
Keep them awakeThe one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep because if they sleep then you are in trouble.
Ways to keep them awake includesAsk questions Maintain eye contact for a second or two with as many people as possible and try and interact with the audience as much as possible.
Voice modulation
The voice has characteristics like tone, volume, rate of speech, pitch, accent - so very important as they tend to convey not only the speaker’s emotions but also endorse the verbal meanings.
Volume is the loudness or softness which has to be according to the number of persons addressed and the distance between speaker and listener.
Pitch is the high or low note of the scale. A high pitched voice is not necessarily attention grabbing. It could be unpleasant and could convey immaturity or emotional disturbance within the speaker. Pitch of the voice can be controlled to convey importance, interest and excitement. It can also add significance to the message.
The speed at which the speaker speaks is yet another aspect of voice
Other qualities like rhythm, clear pronunciation, and good accent too play an important role.
HumourTell jokes if you're good at telling jokes. If you aren't good, best to leave the jokes behind. There's nothing worse than a punch line that has no punch. Gentle humour is good in place of jokes.Tell storiesStories make you a real person not just a deliverer of information. Use personal experiences to bring your material to life. No matter how dry your material is, you can always find a way to humanize it.
Focus on positives not negativesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Mistakes are all right.Recovering from mistakes makes you appear more human.Good recovery puts your audience at ease - they identify with you more.
How to use the public speaking environmentTry not to get stuck in one place.Use all the space that's available to you.Move around.One way to do this is to leave your notes in one place and move to another.If your space is confined (say a meeting room or even presenting at a table) use stronger body language to convey your message.TechnologySpeak to your audience not your slides. Your slides are there to support you not the other way around. Ideally, slides should be graphics and not words (people read faster than they hear and will be impatient for you to get to the next point).You can learn to enjoy public speaking and become far more effective at standing in front of a group of people and delivering a potent message.When it comes to improving your public speaking skills I have four words:Practice, Practice, Practice and Practice

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh


COVER LETTER

COVER LETTER

A cover letter or covering letter is a letter of introduction attached to, or accompanying another document such as a resume or curriculum vitae. Cover letters are generally one page at most in length, divided into a header, introduction, body, and closing.

Use the KISS principal (Keep It Simple & sweet). An effective cover letter is short, sweet, and to the point. Your cover letter should never be more than 1 page and should never be overly wordy.
In the opening paragraph, state your reason for writing the letter and refer to the specific position you are applying for.
The body of your cover letter must give details regarding your work experience and skills. However, this is much more powerful when you can provide specific examples.
Personalize your cover letter. Stay away from mass mailing expressions such as 'To Whom it May Concern'. Address the letter directly to the person responsible for the hiring. If you don't know the person's name, do not hesitate to call the company and ask.
Start your cover letter off with a bang by putting the most impressive material first. Do not assume the reader will go through your complete cover letter. You must grab their attention from the very first line.
Always check your cover letter for spelling mistakes. Do not let your chance of getting the job slip away by making silly spelling mistakes. Do a spell-check on your computer, then print the cover letter and re-check the hard copy for mistakes. Also, since it is often difficult to find your own spelling mistakes, make sure to ask someone else to read your cover letter as well. A fresh set of eyes can help pick out those mistakes.
Create a 'professional' looking cover letter by printing your cover letter on high-grade paper.
Re-read your cover letter after a couple of days. Once you have completed your cover letter, put it away for a couple of days and then go back and re-read your cover letter. You'll be surprised at what you discover.



WHAT SHOULD YOUR COVER LETTER DO FOR YOU?
It should answer the question - Why should I hire you? It should grab the employers attention and point out why you, above all other applicants, should be contacted for a personal interview.
YOUR ADDRESS TODAY'S DATE
Mr./Ms. EMPLOYER'S NAME TITLECOMPANY'S NAME ADDRESS
DEAR Mr./Ms. EMPLOYER:
FIRST PARAGRAPH: This is the "why I'm writing to you" paragraph which immediately tells the employer the position you want to be considered for. This is short - usually 2-3 sentences. Points to cover:
Why you are writing and which position you are applying for.
How you heard about the position is irrelevant unless it is a mutual contact or recruiting program. Do not write, "I learned of this opportunity through the Career Services Office."
Show from your research why you are interested in this position or organization. The goal is to make a connection - do this Briefly and Specifically or leave it out; sweeping statements will not work.
SECOND PARAGRAPH: This is the "why I'm qualified" paragraph. Highlight some of your most relevant experiences and qualities as they relate to the position for which you are applying. Choose 2 - 3 points you want to make about Specific experiences/accomplishments or about general qualities you have exhibited, and provide Specific examples to support those points. This paragraph will change according to the job/employer for which you are applying. This is usually the longest paragraph of the letter. You may break this paragraph into two if it looks too lengthy or if your points work best in separate paragraphs. Points to consider:
The first sentence should be a hard-hitting opener. It is a quick introduction, which is accomplishment-oriented and directed at the skills and qualifications needed for the job/industry.
The body of the paragraph should provide evidence to back up what you've just claimed. Cite specific jobs/internships/activities/projects and accomplishments associated with those experiences. Use your resume to come up with some specifics, but NEVER reiterate passages from your resume word for word. Discuss why what you did is to the employer- relate the facts to the job. Strong examples are important!
The final sentence is a summary of what you've discussed above. It's a good idea to mention the position title and company name to bring the reader back to the specific job in question.
FINAL PARAGRAPH: This is a short 2-4 sentences paragraph. You should refer to the enclosed resume, request an interview and let the reader know what will happen next (Contact them within specific period of time unless it is a recruiting program). It is vital that you thank the reader for his/her time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Your Signature
Your Name

Enclosure(s)

Student of Rai Business School- New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae
What is a CV?
Curriculum Vitae: an outline of a person's educational and professional history, usually prepared for job applications (L, lit.: the course of one's life). A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications. It can convey your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light and can be used to make multiple applications to employers in a specific career area
What information should a CV include?

Personal details

Normally these would be your name, address, telephone number and email.
Objective
This is a concise statement of what you actually want to do. It's not bad if it matches the thing you are applying for. If you apply for a job, you can be even more specific - "to obtain a position in… , where I can use my skills in. You can use a few lines to describes that specifically, but keep in mind that you should show what you can do for the company more than what the company can do for you.
Education and qualifications

Your degree subject and university, plus A levels and GCSEs or equivalents.Postgraduate study, Graduation degree, school qualifications, listing the most recent first
Work experience
Use action words such as developed, planned and organized
Try to relate the skills to the job. A finance job will involve numeracy, analytical and problem solving skills so focus on these whereas for a marketing role you would place a bit more emphasis on persuading and negotiating skills.
Skills
The usual ones to mention are languages (good conversational French, basic Spanish), computing (e.g. "good working knowledge of MS Access and Excel, plus basic web page design skills".


Extracurricular activities
This is the place to mention conferences or any other activities outside that for some reason did not fit in the CV so far. A good section here can help a lot towards that goal of portraying you as a leader, a person with initiative, not just with good grades.
Interests and achievements
Keep this section short and to the point.
Bullets can be used to separate interests into different types: sporting, creative etc.
Don't put too many passive, solitary hobbies (like watching TV) you may be perceived as lacking people skills.
Show a range of interests to avoid coming across as narrow: if everything centres around sport they may wonder if you could hold a conversation with a client who wasn't interested in sport.
Hobbies that are a little out of the ordinary can help you to stand out from the crowd: skydiving or mountaineering can show a sense of wanting to stretch yourself and an ability to rely on yourself in demanding situations
Any interests relevant to the job are worth mentioning: current affairs if you wish to be a journalist, a fantasy share portfolio such as Bull bearings if you want to work in finance.
Any evidence of leadership is important to mention: captain or coach of a sports team, course representative, chair of a student society, scout leader.
How long should a CV be?
There are no absolute rules but, in general, a fresher's CV should cover no more than two sides of A4 paper.
Tips on presentation
Your CV should be carefully and clearly laid out - not too cramped but not with large empty spaces either. Use bold and italic typefaces for headings and important information
Never back a CV - each page should be on a separate sheet of paper. It's a good idea to put your name in the footer area so that it appears on each sheet.
Be positive - put yourself over confidently and highlight your strong points. For example, when listing your A-levels, put your highest grade first.
Be honest - although a CV does allow you to omit details (such as exam resits) which you would prefer the employer not to know about, you should never give inaccurate or misleading information.
The sweet spot of a CV is the area selectors tend to pay most attention to: this is typically around the upper middle of the first page, so make sure that this area contains essential information.
If you are posting your CV, don't fold it - put it in a full-size A4 envelope so that it doesn't arrive creased.

Student of Rai business school- New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

4/08/2009

job website


Hi friend as we know now a days to get a good job is big task but is not imposbile you can get good job that is suitable for you profile. There are so many website those will help you to search jobs….

www.carreerbuiler.com
http://www.monster.com/
http://www.timesjob.com/
http://www.naukri.com/
http://www.careerage.com/
http://www.careerjet.com/
http://www.shine.com/
http://www.jobs-in-india.com/
http://www.efresher.com/
http://www.bestjobsininda.com/
http://www.recruit.net/
http://www.placementindia.com/
http://www.bixee.com/
http://www.superjobonline.com/

http://www.jhansiolx.com/

and there are so many search engine, those help us to search job…

http://www.google.com/
http://www.msn.com/
http://www.cuil.com/
http://www.ask.com/
http://www.about.com/
http://www.mamma.com/

search your job and enjoy…….

Student of rai business school, new delhi
Sanjeev kumar singh

Products and Brands



Products and Brands

What is a Product?
A product is “anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs”. This definition therefore includes both:
Physical products
q Cars
q Washing machines
q DVD players
Services
q Dental treatment
q Accountancy
q Travel agents
Products are at the heart of marketing. The product needs to exist for the other elements of the mix to happen.

Parts of a Product
For someone doing marketing, the product has various parts that need to be considered:
Product specifications and materials
Product design or styling
Product functions and benefits
Product packaging
Product range

Product Differentiation
Products that are the same – tend to get the same price
Challenges for a business
q To make products different from competitors
q Ensure that customers recognise that product is different!
Ways of differentiating a product
q Distinctive design– e.g. Dyson; Apple iPod
q Branding - e.g. Nike, Reebok
q Performance - e.g. Mercedes, BMW

Launching a New Product
Marketing research – find out what customers want, who they are, and where the gaps are in the marketplace
Product development and testing – make prototypes; experiment by allowing a sample of potential customers to trial the product before it is launched
Distribution of product to outlets – the product cannot be sold unless it is in a position for customers to buy it – books will need to be in the bookshops and hammers in the hardware stores
Promotional launch to inform customers features of new product – this might be done locally, nationally or internationally – the customers need to know that the product is ready, available and that it might be the sort of thing they want to buy
At the first two stages (marketing research and product development/testing) many products are rejected because the findings of research shows that it will not be successful, or they cannot make a satisfactory prototype. Product testing might show that customers react badly to the product.
The new product launch needs all the elements of the mix to be in place to be successful.

Product Range
Product range – a collection of similar products offered by the same business
Helps spread risk – a decline in one product may be offset by sales of other products
A range can be sold to different segments of market e.g. family holidays and activity holidays
Selling a single product may not generate enough returns for business (e.g. market segment may be too small to earn a living)

Marketing Services
Services are mainly marketed through product differentiation
Similar products are adjusted to target audience
Businesses then use heavy promotion to highlight these differences.
Differs from goods marketing, because goods have greater opportunity to use packaging and physical product design

Brands
A product with a unique character for instance in design or image
It is consistent and well-recognised.
Benefits
q Inspires customer loyalty leading to repeat sales
q Can charge higher prices, especially if brand is market leader
q Retailers or service sellers want to stock brands
Own label brands
q A retailer which uses their own name on product rather than manufacturer’s
q Examples: Tesco tea or Sainsbury Cola


Examples of “Global” Brands
Microsoft
Coca Cola
Disney
Mercedes
Hewlett Packard

Brand Extension & Stretching
Brand extension
q When a business uses a brand name on a new product that has some of brand’s characteristics
q Examples include:
• Dove soap and Dove shampoo (both contain moisturiser)
• Mars Bar and Mars Ice Cream
Brand stretching
q Where brand is used for a diverse range of products, not necessarily connected.
q E.g. Virgin Airlines and Virgin Cola; Marks and Spencer clothes and food


Product Life Cycle - Stages
Introduction
q Researching, developing and then launching product
q Note – many new products fail to get past this stage
q Need to promote heavily
Growth
q When sales are increasing at their fastest rate
q Likely to attract competitors into the market
Maturity
q Sales are near their highest, but rate of growth is slowing down, e.g. new competitors in market or saturation
q Usually the best time to make profits from the product
Decline
q Final stage of cycle, when sales are falling
q Product may be withdrawn if it is loss-making

Extending the Life of a Product
Advertising – try to gain a new audience or remind current audience
Price reduction – more attractive to customers
Added value – add new features to current product
Explore new markets – try selling abroad
Re packaging – brightening up old packaging, or subtle changes such as putting crisps in foil packets

Managing Portfolios of Products
What is a product portfolio?
q All the product lines and product ranges that a company offers for sale
What is involved in managing the product portfolio
q Decisions about how to allocate the promotional budget
q Decisions about pricing strategy
q Decisions about whether to invest in new / improved products
q Decisions about whether to withdraw or close a product

What is BCG Matrix
Stars are high growth products competing in markets where they are strong compared with the competition. Often Stars need heavy investment to sustain growth. Eventually growth will slow and, assuming they keep their market share, Stars will become Cash Cows
Cash cows are low-growth products with a high market share. These are mature, successful products with relatively little need for investment. They need to be managed for continued profit - so that they continue to generate the strong cash flows that the company needs for its Stars
Question marks are products with low market share operating in high growth markets. This suggests that they have potential, but may need substantial investment to grow market share at the expense of larger competitors. Management have to think hard about “Question Marks” - which ones should they invest in? Which ones should they allow to fail or shrink?
Unsurprisingly, the term “dogs” refers to products that have a low market share in unattractive, low-growth markets. Dogs may generate enough cash to break-even, but they are rarely, if ever, worth investing in. Dogs are usually sold or closed.

SWOT Analysis and Products
SWOT analysis stands for present Strengths and Weaknesses, future Opportunities and Threats
By categorising business situation under these headings, managers can analyse clearly what strengths to build on and weaknesses to put right
Then they can see which opportunities they might want to take and which threats they may want to react to.


Student of Rai Business School, new delhi


sanjeev kumar singh

4/07/2009

what should I read for- ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGEMENT


ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGEMENT


Introduction of accounting ---- accounting as an information system, concepts, convention0
and principles of accounting, Role of accountant in an organization. Branches of accounting:
Financial, Cost and Management Accounting and their inter-relationships
Accounting Cycle, Preparation of financial statements of an organization (with adjustment)
Introduction to recent developments in cost management---- Target costing, Kaizen
costing and activity based costing.

Financial Analysis ---- Concepts and objectives. Tools of Financial Analysis- ratio analysis, common size financial statements, trend analysis, fund flow and cash flow statements.
Introduction to emerging dimensions in accounting ---- Price level accounting, human
resource accounting, Social Accounting.

Cost Accounting ---- Meaning, Scope and Classification of costs, Absorption costing,
marginal costing, break-even analysis, use of cost data in managerial decision-making.

Cost Control Techniques - Preparation of budgets and their control, Zero base budgeting.
Standard costing and variance analysis, Responsibility accounting.

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


Introduction to Research: Definition, Scope, Limitations, and Types.
Objectives of Research
Research Process
Research Designs
Data Collection: Secondary Data, Primary Data, and Methods of Collection.
Scaling Techniques: Concept, Types, Rating scales & Ranking Scales
Scale Construction Techniques, Multi Dimensional Scaling.
Designing Questionnaire.
Interviewing
Sampling Designs: Concepts, Types and Techniques
Sample Size Decision
Theory of Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis
Small & Large Sample Tests, Tests of Significance based on t, F , Z test and Chi-Square
Test.
Tabulation, Coding, Editing.
Interpretation and Report Writing.

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- COMPUTERS FOR MANAGEMENT


WORKSHOP ON COMPUTERS FOR MANAGEMENT


Introduction to computers: Classification, types and components of computer system. Problem analysis, flow charting, algorithm and decision tables. Low and high level languages and its implementation. Basic concepts of operating systems. Basic DOS Commands, concepts of files, directories and other systems of computers. Windows 95 and 98: Introduction, Difference between Windows 95 and 98, system requirement, and new developments in Windows. Working with Windows 95: Icons on the desktop, Network Neighborhood, recycle bin, briefcase, switching between windows, putting new objects like folders, documents printers and applications etc. on the desktop taskbar, start menu, window buttons, time moving the taskbar, format of a window, title bar, frame, control menu, menu bar, minimize buttons, moving and resizing windows. File printing, deleting and copying etc. and other applications of windows.

MS Office 95/97/2000
Word Processing: MS Word, Word basics, Formatting texts and documents, working with heading and footnotes, tables and sorting, graphics mail merge and macros. Spreadsheets and their uses in business. Excel basics, rearranging worksheets, excel formatting techniques, chart features and working with graphics in excel. Power Point: Basics, working with texts and graphics in power point. Delivering information with Microsoft Mail.


Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR


ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR



Organizational Behaviour - What managers do, definition of OB, contributing discipline to OB,
challenges and opportunities for OB. Foundations of Individual Behaviour - biographical characteristics, ability, and learning. Values, Attitudes and Job satisfaction. Personality and Emotions Perception.

Motivation - Concept, Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, Mc Cell and, Porter & Lawler Model, Application of Motivation concept. Foundations of Group Behaviour - Group formation, development and structure, group processes, group decision – making techniques, work teams. Interpersonal Skill - Transactional analysis, Life Positions, Johari Window. Leadership: Concept, theories, Styles and their application.

Power and politics in organization
Conflict Management, Stress Management, Crisis Management
Organisational Change & Development, innovation, creating learning organization
Organisational Culture
Organisational Effectiveness.

Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

sanjeev kumar singh

what should I read for- HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT


HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT



Introduction: Meaning, scope, objectives and importance of Human Resource Management, Personnel Management, its functions, policies & roles. Organizing the Human Resource Management department in the organisation. Human Resource Management practices in India. HR audit Human Resource Planning: Definition, objectives, process and importance, job analysis, description, specification, Recruitment, selection, placement and induction process.

Personnel Development Program: Employee training, executive development and career
planning & development, performance appraisal. Job Compensation: Job evaluation, wage & salary administration, incentive plans & fringe benefits, variable compensation individual & group. Promotions, demotions, transfers, separation, absenteeism & turnover.

Quality of work life & quality circles, job satisfaction and morale. Social security, health and safety, employee welfare Counseling for effective Human Resource Development. Human Relations: definition, objectives & approaches to human relations, employee grievances and discipline, participation & empowerment, Introduction to collective bargaining.

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

German Notes For You



Personal Pronomen – Nominativ


Singular
Plural
1ste Person
Ich
Wir
2te (Zweite) Person
Informell – du
ihr
Formell – Sie
Sie
3 ( Dritte ) Person
Er

sie
sie
es



Zum Beispiele –

Ich wohne in Neu Delhi.

Maria ist Studentin. Sie ist 20 Jahre alt.

Hast du mein Buch? Nein, leider nicht.

Die Kinder sind frech. Sie lernen nicht.

Bitte, nehmen Sie einen Platz!

Thomas kommt aus Deutschland, aber er wohnt in Indien jetzt.









suvidha.khatri, RBS


Verb Konjugation


Verb Endung
Kommen
Wohnen
lernen
Ich
-e
Komme
wohne
lerne
du
-st
Kommst
wohnst
lernst
Er/sie/es
-t
Kommt
wohnt
lernt
ihr
-t
Kommt
wohnt
lernt
Wir/Sie/sie
-en
kommen
wohnen
lernen

Zum Beispiel -
Infinitiv Form - kommen
Stamm – „komm“
Verb Konjugation - ich Form = Stamm + Verb Endung
= komm + e = komme
Ich komme.

Ich komme aus Neu Delhi.

Maria lernt Deutsch.

Wir kommen aus Deutschland.

Peter wohnt in Berlin.

Warum lernst du Deutsch?

Ihr kommt aus China.

Wo wohnen Sie?

Mathias wohnt in Wien.



suvidha.khatri, RBS


Übung 1. Schreiben Sie die Verb Konjugation für die folgende Verben :
fragen, spielen, machen, leben, singen, schreiben, hören.



fragen
spielen
machen
leben
singen
schreiben
hören
ich







du







Er/sie/es







Wir/Sie/sie







ihr









Übung 2. Ergänzen Sie die Verb Endungen!

Ich mach_____ die Hausaufgabe.

Anna leb____ in Bonn.

Wir sing_____ Hindi Lieder gern.

Bitte, schreib____ Sie die Antworten !

Bitte, hör____ Sie zu!

Was spiel____ Jenny gern? – Sie spiel____ Fussball gern.

Ich frag_____ dich.

Martin komm_____ aus der Schweiz.

Steffi Graf spiel_____ Tennis.

Thomas mach____ die Arbeit.

Ihr sing___ die Lieder.
suvidha.khatri, RBS

Bestimmter Artikel – Der – Die – Das

Maskulin
Feminin
Neutrum
der
die
das

Das Verkehrsmittel
Maskulin
der
Feminin
die
Neutrum
das
Wagon
S-Bahn
Fahrrad
Bus
U-Bahn
Auto
Flugzeug

Motarrad


Schiff


Taxi

Wie kommen Sie zur College?
Ich komme mit dem Bus.
.............mit dem Auto.
.............mit der U-Bahn.


Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi


Sanjeev Kumar Singh

German Notes For You

Die Familie

der
ein
die
eine
das
ein
Die (Plural)
Vater
Bruder
Sohn
Großvater
Enkel
Vetter
Mann
Junge
Onkel
Mutter
Schwester
Tochter
Großmutter
Enkelin
Kusine
Frau

Tante
Kind
Mädchen

Eltern
Großeltern
Kinder

Ergänzen Sie ein – eine – ein
1. Das ist _______ Tisch.
2. Ich habe ________ Schwester.
3. Was ist das? Das ist _______ Buch.
4. Die Klasse hat ______ Tür und _______ Fenster.
5. Ist das _____ Heft?Ja, das ist _____ Heft.
6. Hast du ______ Tasche? Ja, ich habe _____ Tasche.
7. Ich habe ______ Schwester.
8. Maria hat ______ Kind.

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi
Sanjeev Kumar Singh

German Notes for You



Bestimmter Artikel – Der – Die – Das

Maskulin
Feminin
Neutrum
der
die
das

Das Verkehrsmittel
Maskulin
der
Feminin
die
Neutrum
das
Wagon
S-Bahn
Fahrrad
Bus
U-Bahn
Auto
Flugzeug

Motarrad


Schiff


Taxi

Wie kommen Sie zur College?
Ich komme mit dem Bus.
.............mit dem Auto.
.............mit der U-Bahn.

Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

German Notes for you


Berufe


Maskulin
Feminin
Der Arzt
Der Lehrer
Der Student
Der Musiker
Der Schauspieler
Der Professor
Der Sekretär
Der Geschäftsführer (Manager)
Der Ingenieur
Der Chemiker
Der Chef
Der Koch
Der Pilot
Der Kellner
Die Ärztin
Die Lehrerin
Die Studentin
Die Musikerin
Die Schauspielerin
Die Professorin
Die Sekretärin
Die Geschäftsführerin
Die Ingenieurin
Die Chemikerin
Die Chefin
Die Kochin
Die Pilotin
Die Kellnerin



Was möchten Sie werden?

Ich möchte ____________ werden.


Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION


SEMINAR ON EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION


Meaning and importance of communication in business, the process of communication, models of communication, types of information-order, advise, suggestion, motivation, persuasion, warning and education. Channels of communication, their effectiveness, limitations. Media of communication, barriers to communication, approaches to effective communication, tools of communication,

Diction, sentence, paragraph, punctuation and report writing.
Group communication through committees, conference and other formal communication with public at large, interviews, seminars, symposia and conferences. Specific business communication: essentials of effective business communication, structure of business correspondence: inquires and replies, orders and their executions, complaints and adjustment, credit and status inquires, agency letters and sales letters.

Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for -GERMAN Language


GERMAN I

Objectives:
Fluency in spoken German
Improving the confidence level in communicating in German.
Neutralisation of the accent.


Alphabets
All the 26 alphabets and the special characters in German language.

Counting
Counting the ordinal numbers and cardinal numbers.

Colors
This tells about different colors in German

Body Parts
Naming the different body parts in German

Animal, Vehicles
This deals with how to name the different animals and vehicles in German.

Professions
Different Professions in the language

Nationalities and Languages
Module deals with different countries and their languages.

General Phrases & Question Words
All the general usage terms are taught in this.

Date and Time & month Names
How one tells date and time in German

Nouns and Artikels
The 3 types of artikels used with nouns. Also Definate and Indefinate artikels.

Verbs and Their Conjugations (present Tense
The most important module which deals with action words i.e. Verbs .It is further divided into 2 categories – Regular, Irregular.

Sentence Structure (Verb Position)
This module deals with the position of verb in a sentence and how do we frame a sentence in German.

Dative and Genitive Case

Some Audio Cassettes and Translation Exercises

Text Comprehension and Written Expression

- Comprehension of simple texts and precise wring
- Essays on simple topics , questions on civilization
- Translation of simple passage into English and simple sentences into the language.
- Society and Culture in contemporary Europe. The texts would be provided by the Department
- Oral Expression

Reading of texts, general questions .To be evaluated as Continuous Evaluation
Material to be given by the Department.


Recommended Books for Reference:-

SprachkursDeutsch 1 & 2 ,Verlag Moritz Diesterweg
Frankfurt am Main 1989 / Goyalsaab Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi

Moment Mal 1 !, Langenscheidt KG, Berlin und München , W.R. Goyal Publishers & Distributors , Delhi

Langenscheidt Taschenwörterbuch , German – English , English – German ,Goyalsaab , Delhi

LernzielDeutsch , 1&2 , (Wolfgang Hieber), Max Hueber Verlag


Student of Rai Business School, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- PRODUCT & BRAND MANAGEMENT


PRODUCT & BRAND MANAGEMENT

Product Concepts: Product Mix concepts, Product Classification.
Product Planning: Marketing Plan, Portfolio Analysis, Market Potential and forecasting,
Product Market Strategies.
Product Life Cycle: Product Life Cycle Stages and corresponding Strategies, Product
Evaluation.
Product Positioning: Concept, Product Differentiation, Positioning Strategies, Preference
Analysis, Benefit Segmentation.

New Products: New Product Categories, Organization for Product Management.
New Product Development Process: Concept Generation, Concept Screening, Concept
Testing, Marketing Strategy Development, Product Development, Product Use Testing, Test
Marketing & Product Launching.
Designing the Offer: Perceptual Mapping, Conjoint Analysis.
Pricing the Offer: Price Elasticity of Demand, Costs, Pricing Strategies.
Concept of Product Testing.
Test Marketing.
Product Launch.

Branding Decisions: Branding Brand Name Brand Characteristics, Brand Strategy Decisions.
Brand Image, Brand Identity, Brand Personality.
Brand Positioning and Repositioning, Brand Equity
Brand Building: Brand Building Process.
Brand Licensing and Franchising.
Packaging and Labeling

Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

what should I read for- RURAL MARKETING


RURAL MARKETING


Rural Marketing: nature, definition, scope & importance in India. Size & structure of rural markets. Factors influencing rural marketing: Socio-cultural factors, population, occupation, literacy level, land distribution & use, development programmes, infrastructure, communication media, credit availability, local requirements.
Rural Market Index: Thompson index.

Market strategies & tactics with reference to rural markets. Product marketing & service
marketing in rural India: product planning, communication media & message, distribution
C channels, market research (with special reference to seeds, fertilizers, farm equipments,
new techniques, agricultural output & other services.)
Marketing of consumables & durables.

Marketing of agricultural produce: regulated markets, cooperative marketing & processing societies. Rural Industry: Marketing of rural industry, cottage industry, artisan products. Problems in rural marketing. Consumer education & consumer movement in rural India. Role of government & NGOs in rural marketing.

Student of Rai Business school, New Delhi

Sanjeev Kumar Singh

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